Such a high incidence of maternal mortality causes huge losses of human life and social welfare. We derived estimates of maternal mortality for 172 countries over the period 19902008. Maternal anaemia is an important global health problem that affects about 500 million women of reproductive age. Many times, this often results in an inability to function properly and in many situations affects the victims economic, social and fertility roles. This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral nigeria to determine the magnitude, trends, causes and characteristics of maternal deaths before and after the launch of the safe. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. Nation and has the maternal mortality rate of 280 to 1150 per 100,000 live births onwumere, 2010.
List the steps to be taken to determine the magnitude of maternal morbiditymortality. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage, sepsis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Maternal mortality is the probability or percentage of mothers. Doc major causes of maternal mortality in nigeria maimuna. The main causes of maternal death in nigeria can be avoided. Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to india whose population is eight times larger than that of nigeria. In 2017, an estimated 295,000 women died of causes related to pregnancy or childbirth. Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.
Jul 01, 2015 maternal mortality is defined by the world health organization as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. More than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes. Maternal mortality and factors affecting it, among. Most maternal and neonatal deaths can be averted through proven interventions including adequate nutrition, improved hygiene practices, antenatal care, skilled health workers. The causes of maternal mortality in adolescents in low and. The measured maternal mortality rate is increasing the pregnancyrelated mortality ratio has increased but is now relatively stable disparities are persistent, and some causes of death may be increasing there are hints that efforts to improve identification have resulted in misclassification what is the extent of the false positives. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in northcentral nigeria. In 2010, 19 per cent of the 287,000 maternal deaths estimated worldwide took place in india who 2012. The overall rate of maternal mortality in nigeria was 22 in 2015.
Nigeria 3 nigeria maternal and newborn health disparities in 2015, 7,100,000 babies were born in nigeria, or around 19,500 every day. Nov 14, 2017 the measured maternal mortality rate is increasing the pregnancyrelated mortality ratio has increased but is now relatively stable disparities are persistent, and some causes of death may be increasing. Jun 23, 2015 this high level of maternal mortality is also linked to nigerias high rate of deaths for children under 5newborns account for a quarter of the under five deaths which occur in the country. Oct 05, 2018 causes of maternal mortality in nigeria. The top leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity include hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion and obstructed labor.
Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in northcentral. Severe maternal morbidity smm includes unexpected outcomes of labor and delivery that result in. Where possible we compare the main causes for adolescents with those for older. The actual number of maternal deaths in nigeria is difficult to. May 19, 2016 most maternal mortality occurs in the developing world. The annual average growth rate of maternal mortality for this period was 1. Levels and causes of maternal mortality and morbidity.
May 05, 2011 the dedicated staff at murtala mohammed are on the forefront of the fight to reduce maternal mortality in northern nigeria, one of the most dangerous places in the world to be an expectant mother. Achievement of sexual and reproductive health is also a human rights issue. This refers to the diseaseillness experienced by pregnant women. Mar 19, 2018 currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. United nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigerias maternal mortality rate has risen to 10 percent where about 111. Causes of maternal deaths in northern nigeria research cyber.
Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. Emergency obstetric care is critical to reducing maternal mortality. All five of the major direct causes of maternal death haemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders and obstructed labour can be treated at a wellstaffed, wellequipped health facility. Mar 15, 2019 furthermore, nigerias maternal mortality is reported to be 545 per 100,000 births. Maternal mortality to improve maternal health, barriers that limit access to quality maternal health services must be identified and addressed at all levels of the health system. Define the main types and causes of maternal morbiditymortality.
Between 2003 and 2009, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis were responsible for more than half of maternal deaths worldwide. Maternal deaths in northern nigeria the main causes of the reported high mortality ratio in northern nigeria are haemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and unsafe abortion, while the indirect causes include hepatitis, anaesthetic complications, hivaidsrelated. An estimated 287 000 maternal deaths occured worldwide in 2010, most of which were in lowincome and middleincome countries and were avoidable. The use of sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality ratio in lagos state, nigeria. However, there are also a multitude of indirect factors caused by. Maternal mortality is defined by the world health organization as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
Nigeria to determine the magnitude, trends, causes and characteristics of maternal deaths before and. Maternal mortality, nigeria adapted from a keynote paper entitled transforming health systems to improve lives of women and newborn babies in nigeria presented at the nigerian national health conference at uyo, akwa ibom state nigeria on 8 june 2009. Preventable maternal mortality occurs where there is a failure to give effect to the rights of women to health, equality and nondiscrimination. This is a major indirect cause of maternal mortality in nigeria. Causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria oyeadeniran.
The struggle to reduce high maternal mortality in nigeria. The state of the worlds children 2009 focuses on maternal and neonatal health and identifies the interventions and actions that must be scaled up to save lives. Maternal mortality has been described as one of the foremost and most neglected health problems and human rights abused in the world. But the government of nigeria, together with international partners, is attempting to meet the challenge. The prevalence of maternal mortality in nigeria has become very disturbing as every birth procedure becomes a potential incidence, from the report above, there is at least one case of maternal mortality in every 20 live births. Maternal health unfpa united nations population fund. Currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. Maternal mortality ratio in nigeria is one of the highest in the world.
Nigeria contributes 10% to worlds maternal mortality unfpa. The major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality include haemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labour. While the main causes of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries are well understood, less is known about whether patterns for causes of maternal deaths among adolescents are the same as for older women. Sep 29, 2016 united nations population fund unfpa and the department for international development dfid, have said raised alarm that nigeria s maternal mortality rate has risen to 10 percent where about 111. Public health strategies to prevent maternal mortality in nigeria the prevention of maternal mortality and consequent improvement in the maternal health of nigerian women is an allencompassing task, which though tedious. The main causes of the death were haemorrhage 20 23. There are many reasons why maternal mortality in nigeria is so high, including a lack of access to healthcare, rampant poverty, substandard health care. This paper reports a facility based study in northcentral.
An assessment of policies and programs for reducing maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. And in 2015, mortality ratio for nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. Determinantscauses of maternal mortality in nigeria. International maternal mortality in the low and middle income countries, direct causes account for 7580% of maternal mortality and include in approximate order of importance, haemorrhage. The who, in collaboration with the united nations childrens fund, the united nations population fund, the world bank group, and the united nations population division, publishes global estimates of maternal mortality, which are excerpted in this chapter. Therefore, reducing mmr faster is a fundamental national and international. In comparison, with 2014, the rate has not changed. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc states.
Pdf maternal mortality has been described as one of the foremost and. Causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. Mmeig maternal mortality estimation interagency group mmr maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100 000 live births mmrate maternal mortality rate the number of maternal deaths divided by personyears lived by women of reproductive age pm proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age that are due to maternal causes. It was noted that apart from the medical related causes direct and indirect of maternal mortality, certain sociocultural and socioeconomic factors. Between 2006 to 2015, the rate of maternal mortality in nigeria increased by 30 percent. Given these complex realities, developing strategies to accelerate progress on maternal and newborn health remains a considerable challenge. Trends in maternal mortality were estimated either directly from vital registration data or from a hierarchical or multilevel model, depending on the data available for a particular country.
In such settings, many newborns with asphyxia or infection can also be saved. In recent years, there has been increased recognition that reducing maternal mortality is not just an issue of development, but also an issue of human rights. Maternal mortality has decreased significantly between 1990 and 2015 but not quickly enough to achieve the millennium development goal of a reduction of 75% in. The main causes of maternal death in nigeria can be. Currently, nigeria has the second highest burden of maternal mortality in the world and contributes about 15 percent of the annual total global deaths which represent two. Every single day, nigeria loses about 2,300 underfive year olds and 145 women of child bearing age, making the country the second largest contributor to underfive and maternal mortality rate in. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north. Describe sources of existing information for identifying and investi gating maternal deaths. Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. Maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. The etiology of maternal mortality can be categorized as medical, socio. List indicators used to assess maternal mortality and morbidity. The dedicated staff at murtala mohammed are on the forefront of the fight to reduce maternal mortality in northern nigeria, one of the most dangerous places. A complete description of the methodology and underlying data and statistical model can be found.
This observational study assessed the knowledge of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at two selected hospitals in abeokuta south, nigeria on the causes and risk factors of maternal mortality, identified barriers to knowledge acquisition, and examined the influence of parity of respondents on their knowledge of factors causing maternal mortality. The major causes of maternal mortality are as follows say and others 2014. There were 8,724 lives births and 84 maternal deaths giving a mmr of. Complications after unsafe abortion accounts for percent of maternal deaths. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing.
In the complexities and uniqueness of nigerias current situation, it is suggested that the fundamental remedy is to stamp out the chaos in the country by getting the. Global worry over nigerias low rating in maternal health. Causes of maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria oye. High maternal mortality must be tackled at a much more fundamental level. In subsaharan africa, the danger of death during pregnancy or childbirth is known as maternal mortality is 175 times higher when compared to other. Maternal deaths in northern nigeria the main causes of the reported high mortality ratio in northern nigeria are haemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and unsafe abortion, while the indirect causes include hepatitis, anaesthetic complications, hivaidsrelated deaths and acute renal failure. In 2007, it began to implement a national integrated maternal, newborn and child health.
According to unicef, a womans chance of dying from pregnancy and childbirth in nigeria is 1 in. A majority of them died from severe bleeding, sepsis, eclampsia, obstructed labour and the consequences of unsafe abortions all causes for which there are highly effective interventions. Nigeria fights high maternal mortality through improved. These analyses should inform the prioritisation of health policies, programmes, and funding to reduce maternal deaths at regional and global levels. The who in year 2008 reported that worldwide, about 80 percent of maternal deaths are due to four major causes severe bleeding, infections, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy eclampsia and obstructed labour. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the world. Previous studies on neonatal mortality in nigeria have indicated that low birth weight, lack of antenatal care, maternal illness, mothers age, prematurity, and birth asphyxia are linked with neonatal mortality, but these studies were all hospitalbased casecontrol and experimental studies 811.
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